Allergy Awareness
Allergies affect millions of people across the UK and can have a real impact on daily life. From seasonal pollen allergies (hay fever) to food allergies, understanding symptoms and knowing how to manage them can help reduce risks and improve wellbeing. This month we’re raising awareness of common allergies, what to look out for, and where to find support.
Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever)
Seasonal allergies in the UK, commonly known as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) affects more than 10 million people. Symptoms usually appear between March and September, triggered by pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds.
In recent years, hay fever season has started earlier and lasted longer, partly due to climate change, with some tree pollen appearing as early as January.
Key Pollen Seasons in the UK
Different plants release pollen at different times of the year. Understanding when pollen levels are highest can help people prepare and manage symptoms.
- Tree Pollen (Late March - Mid May)
Affects around 25% of people, often peaking in April with birch, ash and oak pollen. - Grass Pollen (Mid-May - July)
The most common trigger, affecting around 95% of hay fever sufferers. It usually peaks in June and July. - Weed Pollen (Late June - September)
Includes plants such as mugwort and nettle.
For further information, you can view a UK Pollen Calendar here:
Common Hay Fever Symptoms
Hay fever symptoms can vary from mild to severe and are often worse on warm, dry and windy days, when pollen counts are highest.
Common symptoms include:
- Sneezing, coughing or wheezing
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itchy, red or watery eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
- Itchy throat, mouth, nose or ears
- Fatigue and headaches
Managing Hay Fever
Although there is no cure for hay fever, symptoms can usually be managed with a combination of medication and practical steps to reduce pollen exposure.
Common approaches include:
- Allergen barriers - Applying petroleum jelly or barrier balms around the nostrils to trap pollen
- Good hygiene - Showering and washing hair after spending time outdoors to remove pollen
- Reducing exposure - Keeping windows closed during high pollen times and avoid drying clothes outside
What is a Food Allergy?
A food allergy occurs when the body's immune system reacts unusually to certain foods. While many reactions are mild, some can be severe and potentially life-threatening.
In the most serious cases, a person may experience anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
???? If someone shows signs of anaphylaxis, call 999 immediately, ask for an ambulance and tell the operator it is an anaphylactic reaction.
Food allergies are more common in people who also have other allergic conditions, such as asthma, eczema or hay fever.
Symptoms of a Food Allergy
Food allergy symptoms can range from mild to severe and usually appear within minutes to a few hours after eating or coming into contact with the allergen.
Common symptoms include:
Digestive symptoms
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Stomach pain or cramps
Skin reactions
- Itching
- Hives (raised red welts)
- Eczema flare-ups
- Redness or swelling
Respiratory symptoms
- Sneezing or runny nose
- Wheezing or coughing
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
Swelling
- Lips, tongue, throat or face
Cardiovascular symptoms
- Dizziness or fainting
- Rapid or weak pulse
Severe reaction - Anaphylaxis
- Difficulty breathing
- Sudden drop in blood pressure
- Loss of consciousness
Anaphylaxis can occur rapidly and always requires urgent emergency treatment.
Food Allergy Testing and Diagnosis
If someone suspects they have a food allergy, it is important to speak to a healthcare professional. Proper diagnosis helps people understand their triggers and manage their condition safely.
Diagnosis is important because it can help with:
- Accurate identification of allergy triggers
- Preventing severe reactions
- Avoiding unnecessary dietary restrictions
- Accessing appropriate support and medical guidance
Types of allergy testing
Healthcare professionals may use different tests depending on the suspected allergy and medical history. Common allergy tests include:
- Skin Prick Test (SPT)
A small amount of allergen is placed on the skin and the area is lightly pricked. If a person is allergic, a small itchy bump will usually appear within 15-20 minutes. - Blood tests
These tests measure specific IgE antibodies in the blood to identify allergens that may trigger reactions. - Oral Food Challenges
Small amounts of a suspected allergen are eaten under medical supervision to confirm or rule out a food allergy. This is considered the most accurate test, but must be done in a controlled setting. - Elimination Diet
A method where suspected allergens are removed from the diet and slowly reintroduced to identify triggers.
All tests should always be carried out and interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional.
Translation Cards
For people with severe allergies, translation cards can help communicate allergies when travelling or eating in restaurants where language barriers may exist.
These are available through Allergy UK.
These cards include:
- Allergy alerts
- Emergency messages
- Instructions for food preparation to avoid allergens
Support for People Living with Allergies
Living with allergies can sometimes feel overwhelming, but support and advice are available.
- Allergy UK
01322 619898
https://www.allergyuk.org/
Email: [email protected]
Helpline and webchat available - Anaphylaxis UK
01252 542029
https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk
